Zoloft, aka Sertraline, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It contains Sertraline Hydrochloride as its active ingredient. Physicians use it to treat mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, OCD, et cetera.
Overview
Zoloft (Sertraline or Lustral) is an antidepressant. Physicians use it as a regiment to manage symptoms linked to mental disorders like depression, PTSD, OCD, panic attacks, social phobia, et cetera. Doctors also prescribe the medication to women presenting severe PMS (premenstrual syndrome).
The medication works by raising one’s serotonin levels. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, controls different functions like mood, appetite, and sleep. People with depression or anxiety disorders often exhibit a deficiency of serotonin. Zoloft helps increase the availability of serotonin levels by preventing its reuptake, or absorption, into nerve cells. Therefore, it improves the user’s mood, energy level, sleep quality, and appetite.
The medication also reduces panic episodes, anxiety, fear, or unwanted thoughts. It also reduces the desire to do repeated tasks that may interfere with one’s quality of life.
Zoloft’s Action in the Body
When a nerve cell releases serotonin, it travels across a synapse gap and binds to receptors on the next nerve cell. After this, the serotonin either goes back into the releasing nerve cell. Monoamine oxidase may also break down some of the serotonin. Zoloft will prevent serotonin reuptake by blocking the serotonin transporter from transporting serotonin from the synapse back into the releasing nerve cell.
Therefore, more serotonin will stay in the synapse. The serotonin will bind to the receptors on the next nerve cell to exert its effects. On top of that, Zoloft also has some activity on other neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine. They may further contribute to its antidepressant and anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects.
After taking it orally, Zoloft enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the entire body. It is metabolized in the liver by P450 enzymes. The body will eliminate its metabolites in the urine and feces. The onset of action of Zoloft may vary depending on the individual and the targeted condition. Generally, you will observe notable changes in your symptoms a few weeks after starting the treatment. The brain will need time to get used to the increased serotonin and other neurotransmitters. Over time the effects of the medication will build up in the body.
Zoloft Dosage
The usual starting dose of Zoloft is 50 mg once daily, any time of the day. But ensure you are consistent with your medication and timing each day.
Your provider may increase the dosage level depending on how you respond to the drug. However, your daily dosage level cannot exceed 200 mg.
Don’t stop taking Zoloft or swap your dose without consulting your healthcare provider consultation.
Treatment duration of Zoloft
The treatment duration will depend on your condition and how well you respond to the medication. It will take some time before you feel the effectiveness of Zoloft. So it is advisable to continue taking it as directed. It does not matter whether you feel better or not a few weeks after taking it. Continue with your prescription.
Once you are feeling better, your doctor may advise you to continue taking Zoloft for an additional six months to a year to help prevent a relapse of your symptoms. If you are on OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) Zoloft medication, your healthcare consultant may recommend that you continue it for a lengthier duration.
Effectiveness of Zoloft
There have been extensive studies on the effectiveness of Zoloft in treating depression and anxiety. Clinical trials have established that Zoloft can:
- Improving symptoms of anxiety or depression, including sadness, hopelessness, and anxiety.
- It gives one better sleep and sleeping patterns.
- It also improves appetite in people with depression.
- Proper Zoloft treatment and monitoring can help improve mood and quality of life for many people.
Side Effects
In most cases, Zoloft side effects are transient and mild. Most side effects improve over time as the body adjusts to the medication. However, in some cases, they may persist or become more severe. In such a case, you may require a dosage adjustment or a switch to a different medication.
Some of the side effects that you may experience include:
- Nausea
- Insomnia
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Sexual dysfunction
In rare cases, Zoloft can cause more severe side effects, such as serotonin syndrome, a potentially frightful condition. It is a rare and life-threatening adverse reaction that occurs if there is an excessive accumulation of serotonin in the organism. The occurrence of this condition can take place when an individual takes Zoloft along with other drugs or herbal supplements which elevate serotonin levels.
Its symptoms may include;
- Fever
- Agitation
- Confusion
- Rapid heart rate
- Muscle rigidity
If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical attention immediately.
Precautions for Patients using Zoloft
- Zoloft can interact with other medications, so tell your doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are taking.
- Zoloft may cause drowsiness. So avoid tasks like driving or operating heavy machinery until you understand how the medication affects you.
- Avoid drinking alcohol while taking it. Alcohol can increase its side effects.
- Zoloft can cause dizziness or light-headedness, so avoid sudden movements or standing up too quickly.
- Take extra precautions if you’ve had a history of seizures, liver or kidney problems, or bipolar disorder, as these conditions can affect how Zoloft works. You will have to notify your provider.
Following the instructions of a healthcare provider is crucial when taking Zoloft. Also, let your doctor guide you throughout your Zoloft treatment to avoid developing withdrawal symptoms after stopping your medication. Also, do not stop taking it abruptly without informing your doctor because it can cause withdrawal symptoms.
Recap
In summary, Zoloft works by elevating serotonin in the body. Hence, it is a popular treatment for depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. Its effects on other neurotransmitters contribute to its therapeutic effects. While it is generally well-tolerated, it may cause mild side effects. However, it may also cause more serious adverse reactions. Therefore, it is crucial to take Zoloft as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Also, report any side effects or concerns.